John Brett. Portrait of Christina Rossetti. 1857.
Elizabeth MoodyArt. VIII. Le Malheur et la Pitié, &c.; i. e. Misfortune and Pity, a Poem in Four Cantos. By the Abbé de Lille, one of the 40 Members of the French Academy. Published by M. de Mervé. 4to. pp. 228. Dulau and Co. London.1

The high reputation which has been acquired by the author of this poem makes it unnecessary for us to swell the torrent of his praise; and it would almost be presumption to suppose that we could add another laurel to a wreath already so thickly woven. The reader who is possessed of genius or taste will agree to the truth of this proposition; and, disclaiming all captious criticism, he will place this poem "though last not least in his good graces." If we accompanied M. de Lille with a more calm and placid satisfaction through the innocent scenes of rural life, it was not because the poet painted those pictures with a more masterly hand, for he is equally skilful in the descriptions both of the pacific and the turbulent: but we feel a reluctance to the renewed sensation of that horror which was unavoidably excited by the contemplation of revolutionary tragedies.

In the preface, we are informed that M. de Lille was aware of the enmity which would accrue to him from this publication: but, justified to his own heart by the motive which impelled him, namely, that of pleading the cause of humanity and justice against their oppressors, and violators of their principles, he pays no regard to such considerations. To these motives is united an anxious solicitude to perpetuate his gratitude, and his most affectionate and loyal attachment to his august benefactors. True to the vows of allegiance, no transition of fortune could shake them; and proof against adver-
5[Page 496]sity,—that touchstone of fidelity,—he preserved the same personal love and respect for his royal master and his unfortunate family, in their degraded state, when victims of cruelty and persecution, as in their illustrious day of splendid prosperity.—We have a beautiful outline of the picture of gratitude in this sentiment:—'rien ne meurt pour les cœurs reconnoissans.'

The introductory poem in this volume is an Ode to Immortality. We are told that the poet availed himself of this occasion to correct the abused and misconstructed ideas of liberty, equality, and immortality, which prevailed during the mania of the French; and being commanded to tune his lyre to these popular songs, he takes the liberty of setting them to his own music, and celebrates the themes on principles totally different from those which were "the order of the day." We shall give a specimen of the Abbé's powers in this species of composition: Que je bais les tyrans! combien, dès mon efance,Mes imprecations ont poursuivi leur char!Ma foiblesse superbe insulte à leur puissance;J'aurois chanté Caton à l'aspect de César.space between stanzasEt porquoi craindre la furieD'un injuste dominateur?N'est-il pas une autre patrieDans l'avenir consolateur?Ainsi, quand tout fléchit dans l'empire du monde,Hors la grande âme de Caton,Immobile il entend la tempête qui gronde,Et tient, en méditant l'éternité profonde,Un poignard d'une main, et de l'autre Platon.space between stanzasPar eux, bravant les fers, les tyrans et l'envie,Il reste seul arbitre de son sort;A ses vœux l'un promet la mort,Et l'autre une éternelle vie.space between stanzasQue tout tombe aux genoux de l'oppresseur du Tibre,Sa grande âme affranchie a son refuge au ciel:Il dit au tyran: je suis libre;Au trépas: je suis immortel.Allez; portez dans l'urne sépulcraleOù l'attendoient ses immortels aïeux,Portez ce reste glorieux,Vainqueur, tout mort qu'il est, du vainqueur de Pharsale.En vain César victorieuxPoursuit sa marche triomphale;Autour de la tombe fatale,Libre encore un moment, le peuple est accouru;Du plus grand des Romains il pleure la mémoire;Le cercueil rend jaloux le char de la victoire;Caton triomphe seul, César a disparu.[Page 497]Que dis-je? efans bannis d'une terre chérie,François, que vos vertus triomphent mieux du sort!Sans biens, sans foyers, sans patrie,Votre malheur n'appelle point la mort:Plus courageux vous supportez la vie;Qui peut donc soutenir votre cœur généreux?Ah! la Foi vous promet le prix de tant de peines;Au sein de l'infortune elle vous rend beureux,Riches dans l'indigence, et libres dans les chaînes;Et du fond des cachots vous babitez les cieux.Loin donc de l'homme impie, exécrable maxime,Qui, sur ces deux appuis ébranlez le devoir!Il faut un prix au juste, il faut un frein au crime;L'homme sans crainte est aussi sans espoir.Ainsi par un accord sublime,La céleste immortalitéS'élance d'un vol unanimeAvec sa sœur la sage Liberté.space between stanzasEt vous, vous que mon cœur adore,Faudra-t-il donc vous perdre sans retour?Non: Si d'un jour plus beau cette vie est l'aurore,Nous nous retrouverons dans un autre séjour.O, mes amis, nous nous verrons encore!Qu'en nous reconnoissant nous serons attendris!Du haut des célestes lambris,Sur ce séjour de douleur et d'alarmesNous jetterons un regard de pitié;Et nos yeux n'auront plus à répandre de larmes,Que les pieurs de la joie, et ceux de l'amitié.space between stanzasCependant, exilés dans ce séjour profane,Cultivez les arts enchanteurs,Ils calmeront les maux où le ciel vous condamne,Ils mêleront quelque charme à vos pleurs.space between stanzasMais ne profanez point le feu qui vous anime,Laissez-là des plaisirs les chants voluptueuxEt leur lyre pusillanime.Célébrez l'homme magnanime,Célébrez l'homme vertueux;Et que vos sons majestueuxSoient sur la terre un prélude sublimeDes hymnes chantés dans les cieux!space between stanzas

In the four Cantos, of which the principal poem consists, Pity has her several departments; in the first, she is painted as exercising a superintendence over the sacred bonds of social intercourse; over the servant, the relation, the friend, and indiscriminately over all created Beings of the human class, to whom misfortune gives a claim to the exercise of benevolent compassion. The Animal Creation obtains a large portion of the
App. Rev. Vol. xliv.Kk[Page 498]poet's eloquent pleadings; and the cause of the lesser brutes was never better defended against the greater brute, the tyrant Man.

The second Canto treats of Pity exercised by Governments in the public establishments of Justice and Charity, Prisons, Hospitals, &c. and concludes with an affecting episode, of the troops in two French camps of la Vendée seizing on an interval of truce to embrace their friends, when the sword was but that instant sheathed which had been aimed at each other's heart. We shall present to those of our readers, who are conversant with the French language, the passage which describes this momentary admission to the temple of Peace and Concord: La Vendée! A ce nom, la nature frémit,L'humanité recule, et la Pitié gémit.La funeste Vendée, en sa fatale guerre,De François égorgés couvroit au loin la terre,Et le sujet des rois, l'esclave des tyrans,De leur sang répandu confondoient les torrens.Enfin, entre les camps la trève se déclare:Soudain, tous ont franchi le lieu qui les sépare,Volent d'un camp à l'autre: à peine on s'est mêlé,La vengeance s'est tue, et le sang a parlé.A ces traits, jadis chers, à ces voix qu'ils connoissent,La tendresse s'eveille, et les remords renaissent;Les mains serrent les mains, les cœurs pressent les cœurs.De leur vieille amitié les souvenirs vainqueursLeur montrent leurs parens ou leurs compagnons d'armes,Ceux de qui les bienfaits essuyèrent leurs larmes,Ceux qui de leur hymen préparèrent les nœuds,Ceux qui de leur enfance ont partagé les jeux;Dans leurs embrassemens leurs transports se confondent,Leurs larmes, leurs soupirs, leurs sanglots se répondent.Des banquets sont dressés, le vin coule à grands flots,Les chants de l'amitié consolent les échos.Tout redevient François, ami, parent et père;L'humanité respire et la nature espère.Mais du départ fatal le signal est donné;Chacun d'eux aussitôt baisse un front consterné.Aux cris joyeux succ de un lugubre silence:Tous, pressentant leurs maux et les maux de la France,S'éloignent lentement, et, les larmes aux yeux,D'un triste et long regard se sont fait leurs adieux.Mais le remords redouble au milieu des ténèbres,Leur sommeil est troublé de fantômes funèbres:D'un bôte, d'un ami, l'un croit percer le flanc,L'autre égorger son frère, et rouler dans son sang.Enfin, le jour renaît, et l'airain des bataillesFait entendre ses sons, signal des funérailles.[Page 499]Accours tendre Pitié, préviens ces jeux sanglans,Cours, les cheveux épars, vole de rangs en rangs;Dis à ces malheureux: "Cruels, qu'allez vous faire?Vos bras dénaturés déchirent votre mère.Laissez-là ces mousquets, ces piques et ces dards;La nature a maudit vos affreux êtendards!Hélas! hier encore, assis aux mêmes tables,Votre bouche abjuroit ces lauriers détestables!Avez vous oublié vos doux sermens d'amour?Le ciel à vos combats prête à regret le jour.Et moi, si du malheur vous sentez les atteintes,Cruels, je fermerai mon oreille à vos plaintes;Je resterai muette, et vos justes malheursA mes yeux vainement demanderont des pleurs.Et vous qui, les premiers, provonquant la vengeance,Avez des cœurs françois rompu l'intelligence,C'est à vous de donner le signal de la paix:Vos barbares exploits sont autant de forfaits.Assez, pour féconder les palmes de la guerre,Des cadavres sanglans ont engraissé la terre.Ah! revenez à vous, voyez la France en deuilPleurer de vos lauriers le parricide orgueil!Le chemin qui conduit ces enfans aux conquêtes,Est teint de notre sang et pavé de nos têtes;Prè d'elle sont assis, sur son char inhumain,D'un côté le triomphe et de l'autre la faim.Abjurez, il est temps, vos palmes funéraires;Aimez-vous en François, embrassez-vous en frères;Et qu'aux chants de la mort succèdent en ce jourLes cris d l'allégresse et les hymnes d'amour!space between stanzas

Canto III. invites the tears of Pity over the reign of Proscription; and the author, how-much-soever he may in general purify his details from personalities, in this poem assumes more of the colouring of circumstance and locality. It was indeed hardly possible for him to refuse his eloquent pathos to the tragical history, which presented to his pencil so interesting a picture as the royal sufferers in this reign of tyranny.

The fourth Canto asserts the claims of the Expatriated Emigrants to the protection of Pity; and in the discussion of this part of his subject, M. de Lille takes the opportunity of testifying the gratitude due to the English nation for its benevolence towards those unfortunate people: a protection peculiarly generous, because it was denied by many other countries and states. With an allowable asperity, he reprobates those Powers which refused their asylum; and, by a contrast of the picture, he gives a just tribute of praise to the generous and kind hearts of their protectors. We shall here endeavor to convey his sentiments to the English reader:
Kk2[Page 500]Others have gardens, parks, and regal domes,Where the whole world to gaze with ardor comes;But here no foot of emigrant we trace,Misfortune's step might grandeur's soil disgrace.People magnanimous—may you be blest!Who our oppressors' crimes have thus redress'd!Ye first, brave English!—free to love your kings,Whose happiness from Law's protection springs.Within your bosom, party-rage expires,As from your shores the broken storm retires,No more is here the Sanctuary's aid,Where robbers hide beneath the Altar's shade:The assassin, with his victim's blood imbru'd,In sacred walls no more lurks unpursu'd.No!—Albion now unfolds her gen'rous breast,Not to the guilty—but to the distress'd.Here sainted men, from murder's axe secur'd,Find peaceful worship by the Law insur'd;And antient faith, protected by her hands,Chants Sion's holy song on foreign lands.space between stanzas

We could with pleasure select many more passages from this poem: but compression, though not always our choice, is often with us a law of necessity. We therefore take our leave, sincerely wishing the author a good translating pioneer, capable of conducting him over the poetical mountain with unimpaired honour and reputation. Most of our readers probably know that the good Abbé himself is gone to Chant Sion's holy song in unknown lands.

An emblematical frontispiece, and portraits of Louis XVI, his queen, his sister, and his children, decorate this volume; which is also elegantly printed.

Notes

1.  The Monthly Review, vol. 44, second series, Foreign Appendix, 1804, pp. 495-500. Benjamin Nangle identifies Elizabeth Moody as the author of this review from an editor's marked copy of The Monthly Review. See Nangle, The Montly Review, Second Series, 1790-1815: Indexes of Contributors and Articles, Clarendon Press, 1955. Mary A. Waters and Jon Pinkerton edited this essay for The Criticism Archive.The original French edition of de Lille's book was published in 1803. Established in 1634, the Academy is a French institution devoted to upholding standards of literary taste. Back